NOT MEASUREMENT SENSITIVE MIL-HDBK-516C 12 December 2014 SUPERSEDING MIL-HDBK-516B w/CHANGE 1 29 February 2008 DEPARTMENT OFDEFENSE HANDBOOK AIRWORTHINESS CERTIFICATION CRITERIA F THISHANDBOOKISFORGUIDANCEONLY DO NOT CITE THIS DOCUMENT AS A REQUIREMENT. AMSC N/A AREASESS DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. MIL-HDBK-516C FOREWORD 1. This handbook is approved for use by all Departments and Agencies of the Department of Defense. 2. The criteria contained herein are qualitative in nature. References are provided as background for understanding the criteria, and as a basis for tailoring standards and/or methods of compliance. Also, note that each section contains a list of typical certification source data that may be referenced for evaluating system compliance with that section's criteria. Terms such as "acceptable" used in the criteria are parameters whose specific definition must be determined and documented by the implementing office in the context of each unique air system. 3. Comments, s suggestions, or questions on this document should be addressed to AFLCMC/ENRS, Bldg 28, 2145 Monahan Way, Wright-Patterson AFB OH 45433-7017 or emailed to [email protected]. Since contact information can change, you may want to verify the currency of this address information using the AsSisT Online database at https://assist.dla.mil. ii MIL-HDBK-516C CONTENTS PARAGRAPH PAGE FOREWORD 1. SCOPE 1.1 Scope.. 1.2 Applicability .. 1.3 Cross reference and technical points of contact. 1.3 Information sources.. 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS 2.1 General.. 2.2 Government documents.... 3. DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS 29 3.1 Definitions .. 3.2 Abbreviations and acronyms 4. SYSTEMS ENGINEERING .49 4.1 Design criteria.. 4.2 Tools and databases.. ..53 4.3 Materials selection .... 4.4 Manufacturing and quality .. ..55 4.5 Operator's and maintenance manual/technical orders..... 4.6 Configuration management (CM)... ..59 5. STRUCTURES 5.1 Loads.. .62 5.2 Structural dynamics. .75 5.3 Strength.... ..86 5.4 Damage tolerance and durability (fatigue) ..93 5.5 Mass properties . ..103 5.6 Flight release .. ..105 6. FLIGHT TECHNOLOGY 110 6.1 Flying qualities . ..111 6.2 Vehicle control functions (VCF) .142 6.3 Air vehicle aerodynamics and performance 178 7. .184 7.1 Propulsion risk management. 7.2 Gas turbine engine applications . .187 7.3 Alternate propulsion systems . 8. AIR VEHICLE SUBSYSTEMS 235 8.1 Hydraulic and pneumatic systems. .235 8.2 Environmental control system (ECS). ..242 8.3 Fuel system..... .250 8.4 Fire and hazard protection . .260 ii MIL-HDBK-516C CONTENTS PARAGRAPH PAGE 8.5 Landing gear and deceleration systems ... .271 8.6 Auxiliary power system/emergency power system(s) APS/EPS .300 8.7 Aerial refueling. . .310 8.8 Mechanisms... .340 8.9 External cargo hook systems (rotary wing). .352 8.10 External rescue hoist (rotary wing). .354 8.11 Fast rope insertion/extraction systems (FRIES) (rotary wing) .355 9. CREW SYSTEMS. .357 9.1 Escape and egress systems 9.2 Crew stations, control stations and aircraft interiors. . ..362 9.3 Air system lighting.... ..369 9.4 Human performance .372 9.5 Life support systems . .375 9.6 Transparency integration. .379 9.7 Crash survivability .. ..384 9.8 .388 10. DIAGNOSTICS SYSTEMS 392 10.1 Failure modes .. .392 10.2 Operation.... ...393 11. AVIONICS 395 11.1 Avionics architecture. .395 11.2 Avionics subsystems. 11.3 Air vehicle avionics.. .411 12. ELECTRICAL SYSTEM.. .413 12.1 Electric power generation system .413 12.2 Electrical wiring system, including power distribution . ..421 13. ELECTROMAGNETIC ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS (E3) 429 13.1 Component/subsystem E3 qualification ... ..430 13.2 System-level E3 qualification . ..431 14. SYSTEM SAFETY .436 14.1 System safety program . .437 14.2 Safety design requirements. .442 14.3 Software safety program ... ..446 15. COMPUTER SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE .452 15.1 System processing architecture (SPA). .453 15.2 Design and funct